Investors can’t monitor their portfolio every second of the day. Yet, they need a way to protect themselves from major losses if one of their positions starts to spiral. Thankfully, there’s a way to automatically exit a position before the losses start to mount: a trailing stop order. It’s a stop-loss policy where a sell order executes once the stock’s price drops by a specified percentage, calculated based on the stock’s highest price since purchase.
Everyone from day traders to long-term investors can benefit from trailing stop orders, whether they’re short or long. It’s a safeguard against unwanted price momentum and one of the simplest ways to protect your position. So long as the trailing stop is open, investors can have peace of mind.
Here’s a look at what a trailing stop order is, how it works and how investors can use them to their advantage as a hedge against unexpected or unwanted price momentum.
How a Trailing Stop Order Works
Investors open trailing stop orders when they want price protection. The order represents a dollar amount or percentage relative to the purchase price, which will trigger the order to sell the stock should it move in an unfavorable direction. Here’s a look at how it works:
For Long Positions
Investors in long positions want protection from price downturn. Jack buys 100 shares of ABC Company at $50/share with a 10% trailing stop. If the price of ABC Company declines 10% to $45, Jack’s broker will automatically execute a sell and Jack will lock in the losses at ($5) per share.
For Short Positions
Investors in short positions want protection from price increases. Jill buys 100 shares of ABC Company at $50/share with a 10% trailing stop. If the price of ABC Company rises 10% to $55, Jill’s broker will automatically execute a sell and Jill will lock in the losses at ($5) per share.
Now, it’s important to understand the trailing part of the trailing stop order. These orders automatically readjust to new peaks as the price changes. For example, if you buy at $50 with a 10% trailing stop, the broker will execute a trade at $45. However, if the price rises to $60, the broker will execute the trade at $55. This protects investors as the price of a stock continues to move in a favorable direction.
Stop Loss vs. Trailing Stop
The difference between a stop loss and a trailing stop comes from the trailing stop’s automatic adjustment to new price peaks. Regular stop losses do not adjust automatically—traders need to reset them as stock prices cross new support and resistance levels.
While different, many seasoned traders use both stop loss and trailing stop orders in tandem, as a way to lock in profits and protect against downturn. It works like this:
- Investors set a stop loss for the amount they’re comfortable risking—say, 3%
- Then, they set a trailing stop for a long position just above the inverse—say, 3.5%
- As the stock price climbs, the trailing stop will bypass the stop loss, canceling it
- From there, investors can tighten the spread by adjusting the stop loss—say 2%
- Eventually, pullback from a high will trigger the stop and the sell order, locking in profit
This strategy is one of the simplest for traders to master. It creates a break-even point for traders, while allowing them to maximize gains on price appreciation. While not immune to risk, it very much mitigates the risk of sudden adjustments or volatile price movement.
How to Set a Good Trailing Stop
Investors need to toe the line between setting a trailing stop that’s too broad vs. one that’s too narrow. While risk tolerance plays a role, it’s also important to consider the volatility of the stock in question.
For example, if ABC Company fluctuates an average of 3% week over week, setting a trailing stop for 5% might be too conservative. If the company struggles for a two-day period and drops 5%, it’ll trigger a selloff before the stock has a chance to rebound. In this instance, it might be wise to set a trailing stop for 10%.
Investors open themselves up to risk when they’re too liberal with their trailing stops. For example, setting a trailing stop for 20% means a selloff won’t occur when the stock loses 12% of its value—a substantial amount. In this instance, if an investor overestimates the bottom, they’ll absorb the full burden of any losses, nullifying the trailing stop order.
A good trailing stop order takes into account the stock’s behavior and previous price information. Then, it builds in a buffer based on the investor’s risk tolerance—yet, it’s not so broad that it opens them up to sustained losses. It’s also smart to keep in mind any events that might trigger abnormal price movement, such as an upcoming earnings call or speculation about an acquisition.
Put Your Portfolio on Autopilot
Every investor needs to learn how to use a trailing stop order as part of responsible trading. More importantly, every investor should set trailing stops for any security they’re actively trading.
To learn how to protect your portfolio and build wealth, sign up for the Liberty Through Wealth e-letter below. These orders are one of the best hedges against sudden price changes and protect investors faster than they can act by themselves. Just keep the risk-reward spread in-mind when setting a trailing stop. Setting a stop loss order isn’t a bad idea, either.